Õ¬ÄÐƵµÀ

Computers can do amazing things — from basic laptops capable of simple word processing and spreadsheet functions to incredibly complex supercomputers completing millions of financial transactions a day, controlling the infrastructure that makes modern life possible. But no computer can do anything until a computer programmer tells it to behave in specific ways. That’s what computer programming is all about.

At its core, computer programming is little more than a set of instructions to facilitate specific actions. Based on the requirements or purposes of these instructions, computer programming can be as simple as adding two numbers. But, it can also be as complex as reading data from temperature sensors to adjust a thermostat, sorting data to complete intricate scheduling or critical reports or taking players through multi-layered worlds and challenges in games.

Dr. Cheryl Frederick, executive director of STEM programs at Õ¬ÄÐƵµÀ (SNHU), said computer programming is a collaborative process, with a variety of programmers contributing during the development of a piece of software. Some of that development can last decades. For software like Microsoft Word released in 1983, for instance, programmers have been tweaking and improving it for years.

"The hope is that the computer program will become such a widely adopted system that it needs long-term support, particularly to extend its current functionality," Frederick said. "The terms computer software and computer programming are used interchangeably, except software can get rather large."

Before joining academia, Frederic built a successful career as a software engineer, developing cutting-edge applications in aerospace, televised sports and telecommunications.

What Does a Computer Programmer Do?

Computer programmers create instructions for a computer to execute by writing and testing code that enables applications and software programs to operate successfully, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (). They use specialized languages to communicate with computers, applications and other systems to get computers and computer networks to perform a set of specific tasks.

BLS reported that computer programmers may do the following:

• Create, modify and test code and scripts in software
• Test programs for errors and fix the faulty lines of code
• Update and expand existing programs
• Write programs in languages such as C++ and Java

What Are 4 Skills a Computer Programmer Should Have?

BLS reported some of the as a computer programmer, including:

1. Analytical: You need to understand complex instructions to create code.
2. Communication: You need to effectively communicate and coordinate work on larger projects with team members and managers.
3. Attention to detail: You have to closely examine the code you write, modify or test to ensure accuracy.
4. Problem-solving: You need to check your code for any errors and be able to fix them.

How to Become a Computer Programmer

Many computer programmers begin as self-taught enthusiasts and a persistent interest in programming can be an asset in your career because continued learning is vital to a computer programmer.

In 2024, the median salary for computer programmers was , according to BLS, and to enter the field, a bachelor's degree is typically required.* 

"Getting a degree is a good way to get started in a career, and it gives you a foundation to organize your experiences," said Dr. Curtis George, an associate dean of information technology programs at SNHU and as well as seasoned engineer with over with two decades in the field. "Ultimately, though, it's the experience that makes you a great programmer. In addition to having experience, a successful programmer always keeps up with the latest computer languages, algorithm processes and software industry trends."

Frederick agreed. Before turning to education, she held jobs with the Department of Defense and in the financial and telecommunications sector.

“It takes a lot of grit and it’s not enough to earn a degree; you need workplace experience,” she said. “We give students a foundation — based on data structures, algorithms, math and logical engineering — but you have to be able to plan, write, design, test and manage software. You have to know at least two or three programming languages, including proficiency in JAVA and C++.”

Beyond classroom and experiential learning, however, computer programmers must understand that when writing a program, it never works the first time.

“This field requires patience and the ability to troubleshoot and get at errors. You need to be a learning worker, be self-disciplined, have the motivation to learn on your own, be able to brainstorm with others, and have a lot of hands-on practice,” Frederick said. “You must be a practitioner and adapt to what’s trending.”

While working to complete a bachelor's in computer science, students are encouraged to create a portfolio of their software work.

“Though this portfolio isn’t graded, students can share it with potential employers as proof of coding capabilities,” Frederick said. “The entire degree program gives students broad exposure and proficiencies in traditional and trending technologies, including such specialties as computation graphics, software testing and writing code for commonly used programs, as well as deeper, more specific skills.”

Recent graduate Paloma Rodriguez '24, from Tacoma, Washington, took advantage of tuition benefits offered by her employer to earn her bachelor's degree in computer science with a minor in software engineering.

Despite not initially seeing herself as a "math" or "science" student, she found support throughout her studies, which boosted her confidence. SNHU helped her feel like "I can do this," she said.

Previously working as a licensed insurance agent, Rodriguez is now embarking on a new chapter in her career. She recently accepted an offer to become a software developer, preparing to put her knowledge and skills to use in the tech industry.

Is it Worth Getting a Programming Certificate?

While most computer programming positions require at least a bachelor's degree, many advanced degree programs are also available. In addition to those academic avenues, there are dozens of professional and nonprofit professional certifications available. For example, you can choose to earn an online computer programming certificate.

BLS noted that certifications exist for specific programming languages and that some employers may require programmers to become certified in the products the company uses.

Some of the professional certifications available include:

• : Certified Network Associate (CCNA), Certified Network Profession (CCNP) and Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
• : A+, Cloud+, Data+, and Network+
• : Information Systems Security Engineering Professional (ISSEP), Systems Security Certified Practitioner (SSCP) and Certified Secure Software Lifecycle Professional (CSSLP)
• : Azure developer associate, finance and operations associate and more

Should You Pursue a Master's in Computer Science?

If you've earned your bachelor's degree and want to deepen your computer science skills, pursuing a master's in computer science could be your next step.

With regards to a master's, what you learned in your bachelor's can help take you to the next level, said Dr. Albanie Bolton, a computer science adjunct at SNHU. Bolton has worked at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for over 15 years.

"It's an investment of your time and resources," she said. "It gives you additional credibility. An advanced degree also shows: 'OK, this person is trying to show hey I have professional credentials that, among my peers, could stand to show I have mastered a concept.'"

Many master's programs provide an opportunity to specialize in a specific area of the field. "It allows you to dive into that specific area," she said. "Whether it's something like cybersecurity, whether it's robotics system architecture, theory, human computer interaction, human factors, anything like that."

At SNHU, you can choose from concentrations such as:

• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
• Software Engineer

Bolton encourages continued learning, both inside and outside the classroom. "The information is out there and knowledge is power," she said.

*Cited job growth projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth. Actual salaries and/or earning potential may be the result of a combination of factors including, but not limited to: years of experience, industry of employment, geographic location, and worker skill.

Joe Cote is a writer and organic marketer at Õ¬ÄÐƵµÀ (SNHU), where he has worked since 2016. Previously he spent more than a dozen years as a reporter and editor at weekly and daily newspapers in Vermont and New Hampshire. He lives near SNHU's Manchester, New Hampshire campus with his wife and daughter. Connect with him on .